55 Wiring A Points Distributor
Introduction
In the world of classic cars, one component that often gets overlooked is the distributor. The distributor is responsible for delivering high-voltage sparks to the spark plugs, which ignites the fuel mixture in the combustion chambers. One type of distributor commonly found in older vehicles is the points distributor. While electronic ignition systems have become more prevalent, there are still many classic car enthusiasts who prefer the simplicity and reliability of a points distributor. In this article, we will guide you through the process of wiring a points distributor, ensuring that your classic car's ignition system is in top shape.
Understanding the Points Distributor
What is a Points Distributor?
A points distributor is a type of mechanical ignition system that uses a set of contact points to control the timing of the spark. The distributor consists of a rotor, a stationary cam, a set of breaker points, and a condenser. When the engine rotates, the cam opens and closes the points, allowing current to flow to the coil and generate the necessary spark.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Points Distributors
Before we dive into the wiring process, it's important to understand the advantages and disadvantages of using a points distributor. One advantage of a points distributor is its simplicity. The components are relatively easy to find and replace, making maintenance and repairs straightforward. Additionally, points distributors are known for their reliability and durability. On the downside, points distributors require periodic maintenance, as the contact points can wear out over time and need to be replaced. Electronic ignition systems, on the other hand, are maintenance-free and offer improved performance.
Wiring a Points Distributor
Gather the Necessary Tools and Materials
Before getting started, gather all the necessary tools and materials for the wiring process. You will need a set of screwdrivers, wire strippers, electrical tape, a multimeter, and a wiring diagram specific to your vehicle's make and model. It's crucial to have the correct wiring diagram, as different vehicles may have variations in their ignition system wiring.
Disconnect the Battery
Safety is paramount when working on any electrical component of your vehicle. Start by disconnecting the battery to prevent any accidental electrical shocks or short circuits. Locate the battery and remove the negative terminal cable using a suitable wrench or socket.
Locate the Distributor
The distributor is usually located at the front of the engine, near the intake manifold. It is connected to the engine block and has a high-tension wire leading to the ignition coil. Take note of the distributor's position and the wires connected to it for reference during the wiring process.
Remove the Old Wiring
With the distributor located, carefully remove the old wiring. Start by disconnecting the high-tension wire from the ignition coil. Next, remove any retaining clips or screws holding the wiring harness in place. Take your time and make sure not to damage any surrounding components or wires.
Prepare the New Wiring
Before installing the new wiring, prepare it by stripping the insulation off the ends using wire strippers. The length of exposed wire should be sufficient to make a secure connection to the distributor and other components of the ignition system.
Refer to the Wiring Diagram
Now it's time to consult the wiring diagram specific to your vehicle's make and model. The wiring diagram will provide you with the necessary information on how to connect the wires correctly. Pay close attention to the color-coding of the wires and their corresponding terminals on the distributor.
Connect the Wires
Using the wiring diagram as a guide, start connecting the wires to their respective terminals on the distributor. It's crucial to make secure connections, ensuring that the wires are firmly attached to the terminals. Loose connections can lead to poor electrical conductivity and result in ignition system issues.
Double-Check the Connections
After connecting all the wires, double-check your work to ensure that everything is in order. Make sure that each wire is connected to the correct terminal and that there are no loose or exposed wires. Take your time during this step, as accuracy is key to a properly functioning ignition system.
Install the New Wiring Harness
Once you are satisfied with the connections, install the new wiring harness into the distributor. Secure it using any retaining clips or screws that were removed during the old wiring removal process. Ensure that the wiring harness is routed away from any moving or hot engine components.
Reconnect the High-Tension Wire
With the new wiring harness installed, it's time to reconnect the high-tension wire to the ignition coil. Ensure that the connection is secure and free from any corrosion or dirt. A clean and tight connection will provide optimal electrical conductivity, ensuring a strong spark to the spark plugs.
Reconnect the Battery
With the wiring complete, it's time to reconnect the battery. Start by connecting the negative terminal cable. Ensure that the connection is tight, as a loose connection can lead to electrical issues. Once the negative terminal is secure, reconnect the positive terminal and ensure both connections are properly tightened.
Testing and Fine-Tuning
Check for Spark
After completing the wiring process, it's crucial to test the ignition system for spark. Use a spark tester tool or a spare spark plug connected to a spark plug wire. Ground the spark tester or plug and have someone crank the engine while you observe for a strong spark. If there is no spark or a weak spark, double-check the wiring connections and consult the wiring diagram again.
Adjusting the Points Gap
The points gap plays a critical role in the timing and performance of the ignition system. Consult your vehicle's specifications to determine the correct points gap measurement. Use a feeler gauge to adjust the points gap, ensuring that it matches the recommended measurement. A properly adjusted points gap will result in a more reliable and efficient ignition system.
Replacing the Condenser
Along with the points, the condenser is another component that can affect the performance of the ignition system. If you notice any issues with the spark or overall engine performance, consider replacing the condenser. The condenser is usually located near the points and can be easily accessed. Once replaced, retest the ignition system for spark and observe any improvements.
Regularly Maintain and Inspect
Finally, it's important to regularly maintain and inspect your points distributor to ensure its optimal performance. Periodically check the points for wear and replace them if necessary. Clean the points and rotor to remove any dirt or carbon buildup that may affect their conductivity. Additionally, inspect the wiring harness for any signs of damage or wear, and replace it if needed.
Conclusion
Wiring a points distributor is a task that requires attention to detail and accuracy. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can ensure that your classic car's ignition system is wired correctly and ready to deliver reliable sparks to the spark plugs. Remember to consult the appropriate wiring diagram for your vehicle, and always prioritize safety when working on any electrical component. With a properly wired points distributor, you can enjoy the simplicity and nostalgia of classic car ignition systems while hitting the road with confidence.